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| Vaucluse House ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Vaucluse House
Vaucluse House is a historic estate in Gothic Revival style in the harbourside suburb of Vaucluse in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The suburb takes its name from this house. Vaucluse House is a 19th-century estate with house, kitchen wing, stables and outbuildings, surrounded by 28 acres (9 hectares) of formal gardens and grounds. It is managed by the Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales as a museum that is open to the public.〔http://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/vaucluse-house〕
==History==
The original Vaucluse House was built by Sir Henry Brown Hayes, who had been transported to New South Wales in 1802 for kidnapping the daughter of a wealthy Irish banker.〔https://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/keeping-appearances〕 Governor King considered Hayes "a restless, troublesome character" and was keen to move him 3 km away from Sydney. So in 1803 Hayes was granted permission to purchase the land and house, which was originally granted to Thomas Laycock in 1793 and Robert Cardell in 1795. An avid admirer of the 14th-century poet Petrarch, Hayes named the house after Petrarch's Fontaine de Vaucluse, the famous spring near the town l'Isle sur la Sorgue in what is today the Department of Vaucluse in the South of France. He built a small but charming cottage and several outbuildings. 50 acres (20 hectares) were cleared for agriculture and several thousand fruit trees were planted, none of which survive. Newspaper accounts describe it as a small but very charming farm. There is some warrant for the story that Hayes surrounded his property with turf from Ireland to keep out the snakes. In 1812 Hayes was pardoned by Governor Macquarie and sailed to Ireland where he lived another 20 years. Ownership of the property became uncertain until it was acquired in 1822 by Captain John Piper.
The property was purchased at auction in 1827 by William Charles Wentworth (1790-1872), explorer, journalist, barrister, politician and successful entrepreneur, for £1,500. By grant and additional purchases he increased his holdings to 515 acres (208 hectares). Wentworth and his wife Sarah (née Cox), moved to the estate with their growing family in 1828 and carried out major building and ground work throughout the next 25 years of occupancy. The former Colonial Architect George Cookney (1799–1876) played his part in this transformation, designing the stables, coach-house and other outbuildings in 1829. Letters show that Wentworth's wife Sarah, the daughter of ex-convicts, was an astute manager of the Vaucluse estates. Accompanied by his family, William Charles Wentworth left for England bearing the draft of a Constitution for Responsible Government, which he had co-written, in 1853. They then toured the continent, acquiring artworks and furniture, much of which is seen in the house museum today. The family returned briefly in 1861-62, with a social success they had not previously enjoyed. After William's death in England his body was returned to the estate for burial in a nearby mausoleum (located in Chapel Rd, Vaucluse), having received the first State Funeral in New South Wales. His wife and eldest daughter then retained a life interest in the property. In 1900 the contents of the house were auctioned, then in 1911 the state itself was sold. Some 28 acres (9 hectares), including the house, formal garden and paddocks immediately surrounding the house, were acquired by the New South Wales Government in honour of Wentworth for use as a public park. In 1920 the house and grounds were opened to the public, administered by Trustees. Over the years many features of the historic property were subsumed as it developed the character of a 20th-century municipal park. It was suggested that it be renamed 'Constitution House', 'Wentworth House' and even 'Wisteria House' in recognition of its past and of the vine that smothered its elevation in the 1920s and 30s, proving a tourist drawcard each September. In 1981 the property was transferred to the Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales and significant restoration and conservation work started to recreate the original setting of Vaucluse House and its interiors. Today it is one of the few 19th-century houses near the harbour retaining a significant part of its original setting. It is listed on the NSW State Heritage Register and the Register of the National Estate.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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